Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century AD, leading to its Islamization Iran thereafter became a major center of Islamic culture and learning. An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BC, which was succeeded in the third century AD by the Sasanian Empire. Alexander the Great conquered the realm in the fourth century BC and it was subsequently divided into several Hellenistic states. It was first unified by the Medes in the seventh century BC and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC.

With an estimated population of 86.8 million, Iran is the 17th-most populous country, and being the second largest nation in the Middle East. It covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometers (0.63 million square miles), making it the 17th-largest country. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

Iran, also known as Persia and officially as the Islamic Republic of Iran ( IRI), is a country in West Asia. You may need rendering support to display the Persian text in this article correctly.

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